海军和职业海员也会晕船吗？ 第1页

这个问题其实挺有趣的，可惜没什么人关注，也没什么回答。那我就强行献丑吧。

首先，简明扼要地说，是的，而且还不少。但是，我一般不太看这种“个人战记”，也没太关注，所以一下子还真找不出多少来。不过花了点时间，还是能从书中扒拉出一点例子的。

首先是炮舰。《No Pleasure Cruise》里在序章部分，就提到这么一个故事。1900年，南澳大利亚政府的一艘900吨的炮舰，保护者号（HMCS Protector）奉命前往中国镇压义和团运动。当时舰上的一名炮手把航行记录记了下来，并称之为“No pleasure cruise”，这也就是书名的来历。

The conditions on board Protector were cramped and uncomfortable. Men lived on top of each other in hot and stifling conditions within a ship ill-suited for a long ocean voyage and the armed conflict into which they had all been drawn. The food was generally poor and sleeping difficult on the overcrowded messdecks. Seasickness and ill-health were common as the mostly young sailors prepared to engage a foe with whom they had no personal quarrel.^[1]

“保护者号船上的状况非常糟糕，完全没有舒适可言。人们只能一个摞着一个，燥热不堪，呼吸苦难。这艘船根本就不适合做这种远洋航行，却被硬拉着去打仗。甲板上人挤人，吃着难吃的饭菜，觉也睡不好。这些年轻的水手很多人都晕船，身体不好，但他们就这么被拉着去跟无冤无仇的人打仗。”

说实话，这段话澳洲佬过于夸张了……虽然保护者号是不大，但是船员也不多啊……根据wiki，也就8、90号人而已……

下一个是二战的驱逐舰，《South Pacific Destroyer》讲了美国的莫里号（USS Maury, DD-401，1500吨）的故事。1943年6月21日，莫里号收到通知说轮到他们进坞去休整除锈了，当然他们要先把手头的工作做完。此时莫里号已经一整年没有休整了，乘员无不雀跃万分。26号他们陪着一艘医院船去墨尔本，到那里就可以好好休息喽！6月29日晚间，莫里号的雷达捕捉到了澳大利亚大陆的回波。乘员们已经在幻想那片“应许之地”，连夜把自己的制服给收拾好了——然后第二天一大早，他们遇到了自由法国的驱逐舰凯旋号（Le Triomphant）号。该死的法国佬用灯光打出了信号……“我舰接替你舰”……墨尔本不用去了，你们去努美阿吧……

With a saddened ship's company, Maury turned back to punch her way through stormy seas to Noumea. It was the roughest passage the ship had experienced since coming to the South Pacific. Day after day we crashed into huge waves in endless succession. As the bow dug in, then struggled upward, shaking with the effort, tons of water were heaved into the air. The Bridge and director were continuously drenched in salty brine. Below, men fought seasickness and collapsed in their bunks exhausted. Some chiefs took their blankets and pillows aft to find a spot where the deck wasn’t rising like an elevator, then dropping out from under them.^[2]

“乘员们悲痛万分，只好驾驶着莫里号调头冲向狂风巨浪的大海，前往努美阿。这趟航程是这艘船到南太平洋以来最艰苦的一段路。每一天我们都要在风浪中艰难前进，而巨浪一个接一个，完全看不到尽头。船头会一下扎进浪里，接着直直地向上冲出来，浑身颤抖着，带着成吨的海水卷向天空。舰桥和瞄准器那边一直泡在盐水里。在底下，人们吐得七荤八素，一个个有气无力地躺倒在自己的岗位里。有些老兵会抱着毯子和枕头跑到船尾，他们在那里找到一个地方，甲板不会像电梯那样一会儿竖着上升，一会儿又掉下去。”

莫里号狼狈不堪地回到了努美阿。这次风暴让舰上的甲板多了好几处横贯舰身的变形……不过至少这次是可以好好休息几天了……顺便我觉得这帮人恨死法国佬了。

《Undersea Warriors》讲的是英国潜艇的故事。一开头就抱怨了一通早期的英国潜艇，环境如何如何恶劣：

Their clothes, whether ashore or out on the ocean, always stank of petrol or diesel fumes, with a hint of vomit. The first generation of British boats rolled wildly while on the surface in anything but a flat calm sea, so throwing up was a normal activity.^[3]

“他们的衣服，不管是在岸上还是在海里，总是散发着石油或者柴油那种‘芬芳’，顺便带着点呕吐的痕迹。英国的第一代潜艇只要不是风平浪静的海况，就一定会纵情摇摆，所以口吐芬芳其实是自然而然的活动。”

不过嘛，这本书主要讲的是冷战潜艇……所以我们就看到了一艘皇家海军联盟号（HMS Alliance，P417）的精彩表演。1971年1月联盟号前往直布罗陀参加演习。中途有一个科目是要摆脱巡逻机悄悄通过英吉利海峡，这导致联盟号的电池电力用得七七八八了。然后在比斯开湾遇到8、9级风，联盟号很难在这种大风天气中换气，而且这是个繁忙的航线路段，不能贸贸然跑出来换气，乘员只好一直在氧气不足的状态下勉强支撑。到了晚上，开始变成暴风雨，风力达到了12级，视线只有几百米。

We were approaching a situation when there might not be enough air to surface the boat or battery power left for propulsion if we had to go deep to avoid shipping. We were on a downward spiral in which the reserve of safety was rapidly diminishing to the extent that my boat and crew were potentially both in serious jeopardy. At this point, with most of the crew sea sick and many frightened, I had to look calm and confident even though I was seriously worried.^[4]

“我们陷入了困境，如果我们想潜得更深一些，好避开航线的话，那我们很可能会没有足够的空气浮上来，或者电池电力不够继续推进。我们的状况不断恶化，安全裕量不断减少，我们的乘员和潜艇很可能会受到严重的伤害。这时乘员们大多晕头转向，很多人都很惊慌，我自己虽然忧心忡忡，但我必须在大家面前装作冷静而非常有自信的样子。”

不过嘛，这应该算是自己作的吧……

《Silent Victory》讲的是二战米国鬼畜的“潜水舰”的故事。1944年3月10日，在弗里曼特尔附近的盟军雷达捕捉到可疑信号。周边的盟军潜艇立即出动，严阵以待。慌忙之中有些潜艇连鱼雷都没塞满就匆匆出发了。

Tom Hogan in Bonefish, returning from Indochina, still had thirteen torpedoes on board but little fuel and food. He put into Exmouth Gulf, picking up fuel and ten sheep and fifteen lambs. Returning to sea, to stand watch off the approaches to Fremantle, Bonefish ran into a tremendous hurricane with winds as high as 120 knots. The storm lasted three days. Hogan's men got seasick. The cook prepared lamb and mutton sandwiches, all that he could put out in those mountainous seas. "It was the worst thing you can imagine," Hogan wrote later. "And when we got into Fremantle and got to the hotel, the first meal they served us was lamb stew!"^[5]

“汤姆·霍根的北梭鱼号潜艇刚刚从东南亚回来，还有着13枚鱼雷，但燃料和食物不太够。于是他尽入埃克斯茅斯湾，在那里加油，并往艇上塞进去10只羊和15只羊羔。接着北梭鱼号立即回到海上，监视着前往弗里曼特尔的水域。这时候海上刮起了飓风，风速达到了120节。风暴持续了三天，霍根的手下个个晕得天旋地转。在这种排山倒海般的风浪中，艇上的厨师只做得出羊羔肉和羊肉三明治。‘你能想象得到的最难吃的玩意儿也就是那样了，’霍根后来在信里写道，‘等我们回到弗里曼特尔，住进旅店时，我们吃到的第一顿饭居然是炖羊肉！’”

我怀疑作者在摘引时把脏话给全删掉了。顺便关于警报的事，那是个假警报。老美们望穿了秋水，可是日本人就是没来。

同一本书里还有几个有意思的小故事，虽然有点偏题，一起发出来吧。不光是一等人自己受苦，四等人用脚趾想也知道是跑不掉的。1942年8月17日，美军动用海军陆战队两个连两百多号人乘坐两艘潜艇发动对马金岛的突袭。

Everything was thrown together in great haste, and Nautilus and Argonaut got under way for Makin on August 8, the day after the Guadalcanal landing. Living conditions were far from satisfactory. The air conditioning was not adequate. Belowdecks it was sweltering, and the marines were either wilting or seasick. To keep them in shape, Haines permitted them to go topside in small batches for ten-minute basks in the sun.^[6]

“一切都很匆忙，鹦鹉螺号和舡鱼号8月8号，也就是瓜岛登陆的第二天，就启程前往马金岛。艇上的生活条件离舒服简直十万八千里。空调功率不够，下层甲板人们挥汗如雨，那些陆战队士兵们要么是在喷射，要么是连喷射的力气都没了。海恩斯只好同意让他们每次几个人到上面去晒晒太阳，好歹让他们还能有个人样。”

至于三等人……1943年5月11-30日的阿图岛之战。第7步兵师的第7步兵侦察连搭乘两艘潜艇登录阿图岛，喜闻乐见的情节来了……

For the army troops, it was a miserable voyage. Cramped inside the submarine hulls, many were seasick and most were uneasy. Creeping into the dangerous, fog-shrouded Alaskan waters bristling with Japanese submarines, both boats remained submerged for as long as eighteen hours a day. The air became foul and oxygen had to be bled into the boat from storage bottles. Toward the end·of each day, there was not enough oxygen in the air to keep a cigarette going. "The 7th Scouts went ashore with a will," said the Nautilus historian. "All they wanted by that time was fresh air, plenty of it, at whatever the cost."^[7]

“对于这些陆军士兵来说，这趟航程实在是折磨。他们被迫蜷缩在潜艇壳子里，晕船的不在少数，大多数人都焦躁不安。”阿拉斯加的海域浓雾密布，非常危险，两艘潜艇为了躲开日本潜艇，每天潜伏在水下18个小时之久。艇内空气污浊，需要从储存的气瓶里向艇内供氧；每天结束的时候，艇内的氧气含量之低，甚至都不足以点燃一支烟。‘第7侦察连的士兵们怀着强烈的意志冲上了滩头。’鹦鹉螺号的历史学家说到，‘他们那时候想要的就是新鲜空气，很多的新鲜空气，为此可以不惜一切代价。’”

看来只有二等人没有被祸害过了……

PS：因为资料有限，只找到了些英语的例子。我手上的日语书基本没有这种“个人战记”，但我相信“鼠输送”那帮子家伙应该也好不到哪去……

参考

1. ^ No Pleasure Cruise - The Story of the Royal Australian Navy，Tom Frame，xi-xii
2. ^ South Pacific Destroyer - Battle for the Solomons from Savo Island to Vella Gulf，Russel Crenshaw，121
3. ^ Undersea Warriors - Untold History of the Royal Navy’s Secret Service，Iain Ballantyne，2
4. ^ Undersea Warriors - Untold History of the Royal Navy’s Secret Service，Iain Ballantyne，170
5. ^ Silent Victory - US Submarine War again Japan，Clay Blair，617
6. ^ Silent Victory - US Submarine War again Japan，Clay Blair，317
7. ^ Silent Victory - US Submarine War again Japan，Clay Blair，417