抑郁症发作有多难受？ 第1页

看看抑郁症有多难受：

在同样的两周时期内，出现5个或以上的下列症状，表现出与先前功能相比不同的变化，其中至少1项是（1）心境抑郁或（2）丧失兴趣或愉悦感。

1、几乎每天大部分时间都心境抑郁，既可以是主观的报告（例如，感到悲伤、空虚、无望），也可以是他人的观察（例如，表现流泪）。（注：儿童和青少年，可能表现为心境易激惹。）

2、几乎每天或每天的大部分时间，对于所有或几乎所有活动的兴趣或乐趣都明显减少（既可以是主观体验，也可以是观察所见）。

3、在未节食的情况下体重明显减轻或体重明显增加（例如，一个月内体重变化超过原体重的5%），或几乎每天食欲都减退或增加。（注：儿童则可表现为未达到应增体重）。

4、几乎每天都失眠或睡眠过多。

5、几乎每天都精神运动性激越或迟滞（由他人观察所见，而不仅仅是主观体验到的坐立不安或迟钝）。

6、几乎每天都疲劳或精力不足。

7、几乎每天都感到自己毫无价值，或过分地、不恰当地感到内疚（可以达到妄想的程度），（并不仅仅是因为患病而自责或内疚）。

8、几乎每天都存在思考或注意力集中的能力减退或犹豫不决（既可以是主观的体验，也可以是他人的观察）。

9、反复出现死亡的想法（而不仅仅是恐惧死亡），反复出现没有特定计划的自杀意念，或有某种自杀企图，或有某种实施自杀的特定计划。

以上为DSM-5^[1]中的抑郁障碍部分的描述，原文如下：

Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2-week period and represent a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.
Note: Do not include symptoms that are clearly attributable to another medical condition.
1. Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (e.g.. feels sad, empty, hopeless) or observation made by others (e.g., appears tearful). (Note: In children and adolescents, can be irritable mood.)
2. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation).
3. Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain (e.g., a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day. (Note: In children, consider failure to make expected weight gain.)
4. Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day
5. Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down).
6. Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
7. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick)
8. Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others).
9. Recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

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参考

1. ^ American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®)[M]. American Psychiatric Pub, 2013.