被高赞回答炸出来了,然后搜了一下Robert William Fogel,wiki page上相关的部分为:
Engerman and Fogel argued that because slave owners approached slave production as a business enterprise, there were some limits on the amount of exploitation and oppression they inflicted on the slaves. According to Engerman and Fogel, slaves in the American South lived better than did many industrial workers in the North. Fogel based this analysis largely on plantation records and claimed that slaves worked less, were better fed and whipped only occasionally – although the authors were careful to state explicitly that slaves were still exploited in ways which were not captured by measures available from records...
Engerman 和 Fogel 认为奴隶主把奴隶的生产活动看成是商业行为,所以他们在剥削和压迫奴隶的时候是有所限制的。在他们的著作中,美国南部奴隶生活得比很多北部工人要好。在得出这一结论的过程中,Fogel的主要根据是种植园的记录。他声称奴隶工作的更少,吃的更好,只是时不时地被鞭打。虽然作者非常谨慎的明确说记录是无法反映奴隶被剥削的全部状况的......
...In fact, Fogel objected to slavery on moral grounds; he thought that on purely economic grounds, slavery was not unprofitable or inefficient as previous historians such as Ulrich B. Phillips had argued...
事实上,Fogel在道德上反对奴隶制度,他只是从纯粹的经济角度上来说,奴隶制并非像之前历史学家说的那样低效而缺少利益。
...In it he very clearly spells out a moral indictment of slavery when he references things such as the high infant mortality rate from overworked pregnant women, and the cruel slave hierarchies established by their masters.
他明确在道德上谴责奴隶制,并引用了多种事实,比如过渡劳累的孕妇导致的婴儿死亡率,以及奴隶主建立起来的残忍阶层制度。
高赞回答你挑拣些零碎语句然后为奴隶制洗地,不亏心吗?
你要不要根据日本方面的记录,来证明一下日本占领期间占领区人民生活得还不错啊?
第十个问题:无产者和奴隶有什么区别?
答:奴隶一次就被完全卖掉了。无产者必须一天一天、一小时一小时地出卖自己。奴隶是某一个主人的财产,而且正是由于这个原因,他的生活不管怎样坏,总还是有保障的。而无产者可以说是整个资产者阶级的奴隶,不是某一个主人的奴隶,如果没有人需要他的劳动,就没有人购买它,因而他的生活是没有保障的。奴隶被看作物,不算市民社会的成员。无产者被承认是人,是市民社会的成员。因此奴隶能够比无产者生活得好些,但无产者处于较高的发展阶段。奴隶通过成为无产者,并在所有的私有制关系中只要废除奴隶制关系就能解放自己。无产者却只有废除一切所有制才能解放自己。
——《共产主义信条草案》,弗·恩格斯,1847年6月9日
一直都在起义,不然你以为林肯是青天大老爷、为民做主?那都是被逼的。
甚至发生过废奴分子把农奴主全家男女老幼都杀死的事件,整得农奴主人心惶惶,改善黑奴待遇(从养猪狗到养家仆算是一种“进步”吧?),这时候美分倒不提了,只提红军屠了沙皇全家了。
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