如何评价日共？ 第1页

共享单车都比日共更共

观前提醒：本文无意谈及任何主义与理念之争，如有乱笔，敬请忽略。

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日共吧，就是一个把政治批判当做“家业”的现代氏族。

我长期不推荐用西式政治体系阐述日本政治生态，因为对于日本人来说，左也好，右也罢，无非是类似于猴子或者老虎的图腾。今天需要就换这个，明天不行就换那个。

不说别的，日共早期创始人之一赤松克麿，早期信奉欧美自由主义（吉野作造宣传的“民本主义”），1917年俄国革命以后转向马克思主义，1922年参与成立日共并当选中央委员；马上被抓，立刻“狱中转向”（日本人不用叛变这个词），加盟合法左派政党（类似于现在的社民主义）；接着他越来越喜欢跟右翼一起混，提出“马克思只说了资产阶级对无产阶级的压迫，没有说强势民族对弱势民族的压迫”，于是在1930年前后脱离社民主义，成立日本国家社会党（换成德国就是纳粹了），最终成为二战法西斯政权的助力。

大体来说，赤松克麿把日本战前从左到右所有主义都亲身体会了一遍，而且，他一直活到1955年，还当过日本产业协力联盟的理事长。

当然，赤松克麿算不上什么日共，充其量只是个政治投机者。但也多少说明，日本人对政治倾向的态度存在暧昧之处。

这种暧昧也一直延续至今。比如，日共从二战以前的基本政治理念就是反对天皇制，党纲领明确写着“废除君主制”，党机关报《赤旗》长期只使用公历纪年，日共党员在天皇出席国会的时候一般都要退席。然而21世纪以后，这些原则基本上都没了，2004年日共削除“废除君主制”条款，2017年4月1日开始《赤旗》使用日本年号，日共党员也开始出席天皇出席的场合。

原因其实也能理解。二战结束以后，日共围绕如何与既有体制共存有过许多次分裂，激进革命的行动派基本上都分裂出去，继续留守的自然以稳健派为主。上世纪90年代日本社民党大幅式微，日共顺利接过社民党留下的主要票仓，成为传统左翼的重镇，承担着给政府挑毛病的职责。

21世纪以来，从生态角色来说，日共还存留一些马克思主义政党的色彩，但其根本上却更像一个拥有固定家业的氏族。

古代日本的每一种职能都有一个或多个氏族来承担，比如“舂米部”提供粮食，“犬养部”养狗；后来进入王朝时代，氏族解体成为服从于（或掌控）中央政权家族，许多家族承担着汉文、和歌、书法、阴阳师这些固定的技能，而其中承担护卫与武术技能的家族，后来就蜕变为武士阶级；明治维新以后，士农工商的区别被取消，但没过几代人，日本政治又恢复到讲求出身与家系的世袭政治之中。

日共不完全存在世袭的说法。因为日共势力太小，所以小选举区（直接由选民选议员）一般占不到便宜，只能寄希望于比例选区换取席位。那么比例选区只要给定名额，具体由谁出任就是党内的事情，所以日共大部分党高层是通过党内人事（比如按资排辈）产生，不一定会直接交给某个特定的人。但即便如此，2000年开始担任日共中央委员长（最高职务）志位和夫，父母都是日共，父亲还做过千叶县船桥市议员；现任中央委员吉良佳子，父亲吉良富彦是高知县议员，多少也都属于日共的政治世家。

至于日共的政策，虽然一直在宣传自己有好好考虑政策，但在大部分人看来，日共的政策就是批判现行政策。你想修改宪法、废除和平条款，反对；你想搞核电，反对；你想搞劳动改革，反对（当然名义上是要按照他们的政策改革）。日共也很明白自己没办法获得政权，所以只能做一个为了批判而批判的政党。

巧的是，有很多日本民众还就希望看到有人批判现实政治，所以日共也就有了生存土壤。越是与中央政府矛盾较大的地区，就越会倾向于日共。最出名的地区当然就是冲绳，目前冲绳县1区的众议院议员就是日共出身的赤岭政贤，他的政策基本上就是反对安倍政权的所有主要政策。

为了迎合民意，也为了保持“批判”本色，日共对于任何老百姓关注的事情都会大加批评，无论国内国外都会想方设法批判。所以如果看到日共批判kπk，不管理念争斗是什么，大家只要知道日共的“批判”本色就好。

啊对了，日共还有一个特殊的习惯，那就是拒绝接受国会给予的政党经费（政党助成金），这是日本法律规定由国会授予一定席位以上政党的经费，但日共认为政党不应从大众收钱，于是每年都拒绝接受。

没有国会拨款，日共从哪儿拿钱呢？很简单，就是发行《赤旗》报纸，日共全体党员都要订阅，而且由青年党员负责报纸印刷与派送服务，所以成本很低，收入也很稳定，基本上算是收取固定额度的党费了。

如此一来，拥有固定的家业（批判政治），能够形成经济自循环，再加上一定程度的世袭制与按资排辈。日共或许有他们坚持的理想，但从组织生态来说，与其说是一个现代政党，确实不如说像是一个现代的日本氏族。

Japanese government imposes sanctions on Russia

by Ben McGrath

Japan has backed the NATO-led war campaign against Russia, formally announcing a series of sanctions on Moscow over the Ukraine crisis on Tuesday. The decision followed an online meeting between Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, US President Joe Biden, and US allied leaders.

Kishida, from the right-wing Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), stated after Tuesday’s meeting, “We’ve agreed on the need to take powerful sanctions against Russia.” He condemned Russian aggression declaring it “shakes the very foundations of the international order,” and supported united action by “the international community”—that is, the US and its allies.

Japan will freeze the assets of six Russian individuals, including President Vladimir Putin and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov. The sanctions also target three banks, Russia’s central bank and the stated-owned Promsvyazbank and Vnesheconombank. The sanctions include bans on exporting goods to 49 Russian organizations and bans on exporting any goods that could have military applications, such as semiconductors.

Prime Minister Kishida previously stated that Tokyo would join in blocking Russian banks’ access to the SWIFT international payment system that is essential for many international financial transactions. Japan will provide Ukraine with upwards of $US200 million in loans and aid.

The sanctions are part of Tokyo’s further alignment with Washington’s war drive against Russia as well as China. Kishida claims that Russia has acted unilaterally, but this stands reality on its head. Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine is a response to Washington’s campaign to surround Russia with NATO allies, complete with US weaponry and troops, and to the 2014 US-instigated coup in Kiev, backed by far-right forces.

Former Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has seized on the Ukraine crisis as a means of pushing the right-wing nationalist agenda of Japanese remilitarization. He issued a call on February 27 for Japan to consider a nuclear weapon-sharing program between the US and Japan, similar to that between the US and NATO countries, that would allow Washington to station nuclear weapons in Japan.

Such a step would be a clear breach of Japan’s anti-nuclear policies that stem from the widespread opposition produced by the US atom bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. Brushing that aside, Abe declared: “Japan is a signatory to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and has its three non-nuclear principles, but it should not treat as a taboo, discussions on the reality of how the world is kept safe.”

The three non-nuclear principles state that Japan will not possess, produce, or allow nuclear weapons on its territory, though the last of these has been violated in the past by the United States.

Well aware of the public opposition to any change, Kishida said Abe’s suggestion was “unacceptable.” However, Abe’s remarks make clear that these discussions are taking place behind closed doors. Abe remains a member of the National Diet’s House of Representatives and highly influential within the LDP, leading the largest faction in the party.

Japan’s main opposition parties, which posture against remilitarization and war, have also lined up with the Washington-NATO agenda. The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan (CDP) and the Japanese Communist Party (JCP) have denounced Moscow as the sole aggressor and instigator of the current conflict in Ukraine.

On February 27, at its annual convention, the CDP adopted a resolution that condemned Russia’s actions “in the strongest terms” as “a challenge to the international order based on the rule of law, not only in Europe but also in Asia.” It went on to “support the Japanese government in taking measures consistent with the G7 and other international bodies for economic sanctions and humanitarian assistance.”

The CDP’s support for the “international order” and “rule of law” is backing for the US-dominated post-World War II order in which Washington rewrites the rules in its own national interests. While the Russian invasion of the Ukraine is reactionary, the chief responsibility for the war underway rests with US imperialism which has sought to provoke Russia into war by refusing to exclude the Ukraine from NATO. By including Asia in the statement, the CDP provides a justification for broader Japanese involvement in the current conflict.

The Japanese Stalinists in the JCP similarly seek to obscure the causes of the Russian invasion. In a February 24 statement, JCP Chairman Kazuo Shii issued a statement, saying, “The Japanese Communist Party strongly condemns [Russia’s invasion of Ukraine] as it is an obvious act of aggression… The JCP calls on the international community to unite against Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and persuade Moscow to desist from further military operations in Ukraine.”

The appeal to the “international community” aligns the JCP with the US and its allies around the world that are chiefly responsible for provoking the war. Shii previously dismissed Russia’s concerns over NATO’s expansion into Eastern Europe and potentially the Ukraine in a February 12 statement. “Moscow argues that NATO should halt its eastward expansion, but such an argument provides no justification for its recent actions,” he declared.

Shii papers over the entire 30-year history of the US and NATO since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The destruction of Yugoslavia and the bombing of Serbia, US imperialism’s wars of aggression throughout the Middle East, and the 2014 coup in Ukraine demonstrate that Washington has instigated conflict throughout the region, bringing it right to Russia’s doorstep.

Shii backs the US-led sanctions against Moscow, which are part of the ongoing campaign to wage open war with Russia and reduce the country to semi-colonial status. The JCP, which postures as an opponent of remilitarization and the US-Japan security treaty, becomes an open apologist for Washington’s imperialist appetites.

Neither the CDP nor the JCP are genuinely opposed to imperialist war, Tokyo’s remilitarization, or, above all, the war drive against China. Instead, they camouflage the predatory actions of Japanese and US imperialism and seek to prevent an anti-war movement of workers and youth from emerging.https://www.wsws.org/en/special/pages/stop-the-drive-to-world-war-three.html