多家美媒预测，拜登当选为美国第 46 任总统，这将对国际形势产生哪些影响？

可能性微乎其微，但是更重要的是，拜登上台后，会对世界局势有着怎样的影响。

我们分析了“拜局”已定后，美国高等教育将走向何方。

本文由彼岸教育国际业务总裁、美国资深教育专家Charles Iannuzzi撰写。未经授权，禁止转载。

Charles Iannuzzi先生是彼岸教育公司国际业务总裁，毕业于杜克大学，曾在包括知名私立学校Hotchkiss School, Whittle School and Studios, 和复旦附中国际部担任高级职务，对中美教育均有丰富的经验和独到的见解。

本文将从以下5点阐述美国新任总统对美国未来四年教育政策的影响：

• 新政府的教育政策
• H1B和OPT政策
• 国际学生可以期待什么
• 新冠疫情对教育的影响
• 在线高等教育的发展

随着副总统拜登(Joe Biden)即将在2020年美国总统大选中获胜，未来四年美国可能会把重点放在几个主要领域。

With Vice President Joe Biden on the verge of winning the presidency in 2020 presidential election, the United States will likely focus on a few major areas over the coming four years.

拜登明确表示，他将优先考虑遏制疫情传播；重新加入加强国际伙伴关系；优先考虑中低收入美国人的经济状况。

Biden has made it clear he will prioritize slowing and stopping the spread of COVID-19; re-joining and strengthening international partnerships and alliances; and prioritizing economic growth for lower and middle-income Americans.

这些重点领域将对美国从经济到教育的所有部门产生广泛影响。总统政策将对美国教育部门方向产生重大影响，从而影响世界各地的学生。

These focus areas will have broad impacts across all sectors of America—from economics to education. The ’s policies will have a major impact on the direction of the education sector in America and therefore impact students from around the world.

长期以来，教育一直是拜登优先考虑的问题。这不仅是因为他自己通过教育和培训机会改善美国农村和中产阶级的生活，还因为他的妻子吉尔·拜登的热情：

吉尔·拜登一生都是教育工作者，在奥巴马政府担任第二夫人期间，她一直在作为教育工作者，在北弗吉尼亚社区学院承担教学工作。

Education has long been a priority for Biden not only through his own work to improve the lives of rural and middle-class Americans through educational access, training, and opportunities but also through the passion of his wife, Jill Biden, a life-long educator who continued teaching even throughout her time as Second Lady during the Obama Administration.

注：吉尔·拜登在工作、照顾家庭的同时读取了教育学、英文学双硕士以及教育学博士，并成为首个具有教授职称的第一夫人。在长达231年的美国第一夫人历史中，没有一位女性能在白宫居住的同时，还拥有一份带薪工作。

作为推动经济增长和提高生活质量指标的一种手段，拜登在改善教育机会方面有着丰富的经验。

这意味着未来四年将给美国的教育现代化带来巨大的希望——使教育更加在线化，注重降低教育成本，全面提高教育机会和质量。

His extensive experience in working to improve educational access as a means to drive economic growth and improve quality of life indicators will mean that the next four years bring great hope to modernize education in America—bringing it more online, focusing intensely on cost, and improving access and quality overall.

教育政策

EDUCATION POLICY

拜登的高等教育计划不包括转变性变革。

Biden’s plan for higher education does not include any transformational changes。

尽管如此，从社区学院到研究型大学，它确实展示了对美国高等教育体系的热情、支持和投资。这与特朗普政府缺乏详细的政策、对特定大学和整个大学体系频繁出现尖锐对立的做法大相径庭。

Still, it does demonstrate enthusiasm, support, and investment for America’s higher education system from community colleges all the way to research universities. This is a sharp break from the Trump Administration’s lack of a detailed policy and frequent sharp antagonism toward specific universities and the university system as a whole.

拜登主要关注三个领域：

Biden has three main areas of focus:

1) 增强支付能力——让更多的美国人可以免费就读公立大学，减少学生债务，增加对盈利性大学的监管；

2) 改善机会——为社区学院提供额外资金，为那些为贫困学生提供服务的大学提供额外资金；

3) 关注未来——增加对工作场所培训教育的投入，发展学徒计划，增加教育技术的应用。

1) Improving Affordability – making public colleges and universities free for more Americans, reducing student debt, increasing for-profit college oversight;

2) Improving Access – additional money for community colleges, additional money for universities serving underserved students;

3) Focus on the Future – increasing funding for workplace training education, growing apprenticeship programs, increasing adoption of educational technology.

总的来说，拜登的政策着眼于：

• 教育更加灵活的未来
• 技术驱动
• 与职业连接
• 支持全球经济不断增长变化

Overall, Biden’s policies look to a future where education is more flexible; technologically-driven; connected to work, jobs, and career; and supports a growing and changing global economy.

美国大学已经开始大量转向在线和技术驱动的教学，因为在线高等教育允许更具性价比的学费，更多入学机会和更好的教学结果。

American universities are already shifting heavily into online and technology-driven instruction as it allows for more affordable tuition, higher student access, and better outcomes.

拜登(Joe Biden)在该领域的目标只会加速在线教育趋势。拨款需要得到美国国会的支持，但许多政策将由新任教育部长推动，他将与总统密切合作，支持其教育议程。

Joe Biden’s goals in the sector will only accelerate that trend. Funding will require the support of the United States Congress but many of the policies will be pushed by a new Secretary of Education who will work in close collaboration with the President to support his education agenda.

H1B和OPT的更改

CHANGES TO H1B & OPT

拜登提议修改HB和绿卡制度，使这两个制度更加公平和平衡。

Biden has proposed changes to the H1-B and green card system to make both systems more fair and balanced.

此外，他还表示，他将取消各个国家的就业签证上限，博士和STEM项目的应届毕业生也将在他的计划中豁免任何签证上限。

Additionally, he has indicated he would eliminate by-country caps on employment visas and that recent graduates of PhD and STEM programs would be included under this exemption from any visa caps under his plan.

第一天，预计特朗普总统对H1B的许多行政措施将开始解除，包括结束入境禁令，改变工资上限，加快处理时间。假设特朗普总统在未来两个月没有采取重大行动，OPT政策在未来很可能也会保持不变。

On day one, it is expected that many of President Trump’s executive actions on H1-B would begin unwinding including ending the entrance ban, changing the wage caps, and speeding up the processing time. Assuming no major actions from President Trump over the coming two months, OPT policy would likely also stay the same moving forward.

总体而言，移民政策有望恢复到特朗普之前的水平，拜登提醒世界，美国欢迎外国学生、移民和家庭。但受疫情的影响，以及持续的高失业率，政府可能会要求任何移民计划表明，它们不会对美国的就业增长产生负面影响。

Immigration policy overall is expected to return to a pre-Trump standard with Biden showing deep sensitivity to reminding the world that America is welcome to foreign students, immigrants, and families but the effects of COVID-19, and continuing high unemployment numbers, will likely require that any specific plans demonstrate that they are not negatively impacting American employment growth.

国际学生可以期待什么

WHAT INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS CAN EXPECT

拜登没有针对国际学生的具体政策，但他的一系列总体政策、目标和声明表明，美国联邦政府正朝着对移民、学生和国际合作更加开放的方向前进。

Biden does not have specific policies targeted at international students but the series of overall policies, goals, and statements indicates that the administration would move in a direction that is more open to immigration, students, and international cooperation.

在特朗普政府推动限制在线方式学习的国际学生获得F1签证后，乔·拜登(Joe Biden)立即宣布，“全世界的人都怀着对未来的坚定乐观和决心来到这个国家。他们在这里学习，在这里创新，他们造就了我们美国。

After the Trump Administration pushed to limit the ability of international students to get F-1 visas if their study was online, Joe Biden immediately pronounced that, "across the world, people come to this country with unrelenting optimism and determination toward the future. They study here, innovate here, they make America who we are.

唐纳德·特朗普不明白这一点，我们需要一位明白这一点的总统。”

Donald Trump doesn't get that — we need a president who does."

拜登政府将很快：

1)取消特朗普总统限制移民的许多行政措施

2)对不符合国家财政资助条件的留学生，提供联邦新冠肺炎救助资金

3)恢复童年入境暂缓遣返(DACA)计划

4)取消特朗普政府设定的庇护和难民上限

1) Remove many of President Trump’s executive actions limiting immigration

2) Provide access to federal COVID-19 relief funds to those international students not qualifying for federal financial aid

3) Reinstate the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program

4) Lift asylum and refugee caps imposed by the Trump Administration

这些行动可能不会在所有情况下对国际学生产生直接影响，但会表明，政府希望恢复到特朗普政府之前的政策。美国各地的大学都曾提起诉讼，以阻止特朗普政府的许多行政行动，企业也在很多情况下努力维持国际人才流入美国。

These actions might not directly impact international students in all cases but would signal that the administration wants to return to pre-Trump Administration policies. Universities around the country have sued to block many Trump Administration Executive Actions and businesses have worked hard in many cases to maintain the flow of international talent into America.

注：哈佛、MIT、南加州大学、加州大学等高校起诉特朗普“完全网课的国际生不能留在美国”的政策，称国际生是其“不可或缺的一部分”。最终，移民局放宽甚至推翻了一天前刚刚发布的政策。

鉴于共识，我们有动力迅速采取各种政策，通过允许美国企业和美国大学帮助国际学生，更不用说美国各地的大量国际社区和组织恢复正常，欢迎来自世界各地的成员。

Given that consensus, there is momentum to move quickly on a variety of policies that can help international students by allowing American businesses and American universities, not to mention the large number of international communities and organizations across the United States, return to normal and welcome members from around the world.

COVID-19及其对教育的影响

COVID-19 AND THE IMPACT ON EDUCATION

在过去的一年里，随着美国努力遏制新冠疫情的爆发，美国的在线教育技术不仅在高等教育层面，而且在整个K-12教育领域都得到了大规模扩展。虽然大多数学校现在已经开放，并有学生在校学习，但高校继续在使用在线教学，作为在疫情期间维护安全并使学生与教师保持联系的一种方式。

Education technology has expanded massively in America not just at the university level but also throughout the K-12 space during the past year as America has struggled to contain the COVID-19 outbreak. While most schools are now open and have students on-ground, they are also continuing to use online instruction as a way to maintain safety during the pandemic and keep students connected to their teachers.

拜登明确表示，如果不控制住新冠COVID-19疫情，就不可能开放美国经济、学校和社区。

Biden has made it clear that opening up the American economy, its schools, and its communities can not take place without getting a handle on the COVID-19 epidemic.

拜登政府将重点通过五项主要政策来结束COVID-19在美国的流行:The Biden administration will focus on ending the COVID-19 epidemic in America through five major policies:

1)允许公共卫生官员做出公共卫生决策

2) 新冠检测普遍增加

3)降低新冠的护理费用

4)对受疫情影响的人群提供经济支持

5)国际合作

1) Allowing public health officials to make public health decisions

2) Widespread COVID-19 testing increases

3) Lowering cost of care for COVID-19

4) Economic support for those impacted by the epidemic

5) International cooperation

随着美国应对新冠肺炎的方式发生变化，美国预计将走上更加安全的轨道，从而更加迅速地开放。

With a change in how America confronts COVID-19, America expects to be on a trajectory to become safer, and therefore open up, much more quickly.

这对大学和整个教育系统都是有利的，因为全面运作可以帮助所有的学习者，包括在校和在线的学习者。当然，这也帮助了那些依靠旅行到达校园学习的国际学生，所以这种情况发生得越快，学生就越有信心认为在美国学习是安全的。

This is good for universities and good for the education system in general as full operations help all learners, both those on campus and those online. Of course this also helps international students who rely on travel to get to campus and study so the faster this can happen, the more confidence students can have that studying in America is safe.

有趣的是，在美国全面开放校园将使大学更好地支持他们的在线学习者和实地学习者。

Interestingly, fully opening campuses in America will allow universities to better support their online learners and on-ground learners both.

大学有独立支持团队帮助在线学习者，而现在这些团队正在帮助整个大学的在线学生。当更多的学生返回校园后，这些支持团队将会只关注在线学生。

Universities have separate support teams to help their online learners and right now those teams are stretched thin helping an entire campus of online students. When students return to campus in greater numbers, those support teams will shift back to focusing on the online students only.

在过去的一年里，大学从积极的在线教学中吸取了很多经验教训，他们希望迅速提高在线课程的数量和质量。

With many lessons learned from aggressive online instruction over the past year, universities expect to expand the quantity and quality of their online programs rapidly.

注：不仅美国，全世界高校都有类似趋势。如奥塔哥大学配备了完备的教学支持团队。此外，在线项目还有完备的教务、TA团队支持。

在线高等教育的发展

THE GROWTH OF ONLINE EDUCATION

然而，计划的实施需要时间。随着新冠肺炎疫情得到控制、行政行动得到审查、新的领导班子上台、政策提出和辩论，来自全国和世界各地的本科生和硕士将继续通过在线方式，在美国大学就读。

Nevertheless, plans take time to implement and as COVID-19 is brought under control, executive actions are reviewed, new leadership is installed, and policies are proposed and debated, undergraduate and graduate students from across the country and around the world will continue to access American universities online.

学生完全重返校园，在线学习和在线学位项目只会增加。因为拜登的目标是改善教育机会，优先考虑以就业者为重点的教学内容，这将推动大学进一步发展教学和学习模式，以满足来自不同背景、教育需求复杂的学生的需求。为不断变化的、现代化的就业做好准备。

Once students are fully back on campus, the trend toward online learning and online degree programs will only increase given Biden’s target to improve educational access and prioritize workforce-focused content that will push colleges and universities to further develop models of teaching and learning that meet the needs of students from diverse backgrounds with complex educational needs to prepare themselves for a changing, modernizing workforce.

国际学生将像美国人一样从这些变化中受益。

International students will benefit from those changes just as Americans do.

随着美国大学为研究生项目提供更多的空间，提高这些项目的质量，并寻求增加学生人数，越来越多的资源将投入到在线教育中，以改善学生从头到尾的体验。

As American universities provide more spaces for graduate programs, improve the quality of those programs, and seek to grow cohort numbers, more and more resources will be invested into online education that improve the student experience from start to finish.

尽管疫情和特朗普时代的政策对想要在美国学习的学生关闭了大门，拜登将为所有人扩大教育机会，增加对大学的资助，并让学生为我们不断变化的世界做好准备。

点击下方链接，测一测你能否申请美国名校在线硕士项目：

Despite COVID-19 and previous executive policies closing doors on students trying to study in America, Biden will focus on expanding educational opportunities to all people, increasing funding to universities, and focusing on content areas that will prepare students for our changing world.

这种对开放和准入的回归将自然地使新政府欢迎移民和海外学生进入美国，体验并改善美国的大学系统。这将不可避免地推动大学和院系发展和改进其整个项目的在线教学和学习。

This return to openness and access will naturally lead to welcoming immigrants and students from abroad to access, experience, and improve America’s university system which will inevitably drive universities and departments to grow and improve online teaching and learning across their programs.

拜登优先考虑让学生为下一波就业做好准备的知识和技能，这一点尤为重要。

Biden’s prioritization of knowledge and skills that prepare students for the next wave of jobs is particularly important.

随着的更广泛计划聚焦于基础设施的现代化，学校将越来越多地增加计算机科学、工程和商业方面的专业知识和学位项目；投资绿色能源技术；以及资助人工智能、微芯片、5G和智能系统的研究和扩展。

注：美国高校开设有计算机、人工智能、商业分析、金融、MBA等在线硕士项目，点击阅读原文/文末链接了解详情。

Schools will increasingly grow expertise and degree programs in computer science, engineering, and business as the ’s broader plans focus on modernizing America’s infrastructure; investing in green energy technology; and funding research and expansion in artificial intelligence, microchips, 5G, and intelligent systems.

对来自世界各地在这些领域有技能的就业者的需求，将推动这些领域项目的发展，并增加大学对在线学位的投资，因为这将是满足下一代劳动力需求的唯一途径。

The demand for workers from around the world, skilled in these areas, will drive expansion of university programs dedicated to these areas and increase investment from universities to deliver these degrees online since it will be the only way to meet the needs of the next generation workforce.

大学已经认识到，在线学习和持续的技能建设对于满足全国学生的需求至关重要。

Universities have learned that online learning and constant skill-building is critical to meeting the needs of students across the country.

世界各地的人们将同样受益。

Those around the world will benefit just the same.

点击下方链接，测一测你能否申请美国名校在线硕士项目：