爱斯基摩人给雪起的 30 种不同名字是哪些？ 第1页

因纽特是复综语，句子是用词型变化来表示的。但其实词根就那几个。

A. Snow particles

(1) Snowflake
qanuk 'snowflake' 雪花
qanir- 'to snow' 下雪
qanunge- 'to snow' [NUN] 下雪
qanugglir- 'to snow' [NUN] 下雪

(2) Frost
kaneq 'frost' 霜
kaner- 'be frosty/frost sth.' 结霜

(3) Fine snow/rain particles
kanevvluk 'fine snow/rain particles 细雪花/细雨点
kanevcir- to get fine snow/rain particles 下细雪花

(4) Drifting particles
natquik 'drifting snow/etc' 高吹雪
natqu(v)igte- 'for snow/etc. to drift along ground' 雪被高吹起来

(5) Clinging particles
nevluk 'clinging debris/ 雾凇
nevlugte- 'have clinging debris/...'lint/snow/dirt...' 结雾凇

B. Fallen snow

(6) Fallen snow on the ground
aniu [NS] 'snow on ground' 积雪
aniu- [NS] 'get snow on ground' 把雪积在地上
apun [NS] 'snow on ground' 积雪
qanikcaq 'snow on ground' 积雪
qanikcir- 'get snow on ground' 把雪积在地上

(7) Soft, deep fallen snow on the ground
muruaneq 'soft deep snow' 软而深的雪

(8) Crust on fallen snow
qetrar- [NSU] 'for snow to crust' 结雪冠
qerretrar- [NSU] 'for snow to crust' 结雪冠

(9) Fresh fallen snow on the ground
nutaryuk 'fresh snow' [HBC] 鲜雪

(10) Fallen snow floating on water
qanisqineq 'snow floating on water' 水上浮雪

C. Snow formations

(11) Snow bank
qengaruk 'snow bank' [Y, HBC] 雪堆

(12) Snow block
utvak 'snow carved in block' 雪块

(13) Snow cornice
navcaq [NSU] 'snow cornice, snow (formation) about to collapse' 雪檐
navcite- 'get caught in an avalanche' 困于雪崩中

D. Meterological events

(14) Blizzard, snowstorm
pirta 'blizzard, snowstorm' 暴风雪
pircir- 'to blizzard' 刮暴风雪
pirtuk 'blizzard, snowstorm' 暴风雪

(15) Severe blizzard
cellallir-, cellarrlir- 'to snow heavily' 下大雪
pir(e)t(e)pag- 'to blizzard severely' 刮大暴风雪
pirrelvag- 'to blizzard severely' 刮大暴风雪