百科问答小站 logo
百科问答小站 font logo



怎样写好英文论文的 Introduction 部分? 第1页

  

user avatar   man-yi-xue-yuan 网友的相关建议: 
      

Introduction是英文论文种最难写的部分之一,另外一个就是Discussion。

中文文章的缺陷就在于Introduction没有内涵,过于简单,没有真正体现论文的研究起初和创新要素。外刊论文对于Introduction的要求是非常高的,一个好的Introduction相当于文章成功了一半。

所以大家应该在Introduction的撰写上下足功夫。要写好Introduction,最重要的是要保持鲜明的层次感和极强的逻辑性,这两点是紧密相连的,即在符合逻辑性的基础上建立层层递进的关系。


一开始,我们要首先阐述自己研究领域的基本内容,要尽量的简洁明了,不要啰嗦一大堆。你要知道审稿人可都是该领域的专家,所以一些显而易见的知识要用概括性的而不是叙述性的语言来撰写。


然后就是Introduction重头戏之一——文献总结回顾,这一段特别看重你的写作功底。

你一方面要把该领域内过去以及现在的状况,全部全面的概括总结出来,千万不要有遗漏。特别是对领域内最新的进展和过去经典文献的引用,这两个小问题最容易出现纰漏,如果审稿人发现这里有毛病,那么审稿人就会觉得你做得不够全面或深入,从而产生负面作用。

另一方面,文献的使用和数据的提供一定要准确。片面的摘录部分结果而不反映文献的总体结果是千万要不得的。引用的数据也要正确,特别是间接引用的数据。数据出错会导致文章的印象大大失分。此外,引用文献的时候注意防止造成抄袭的印象,即不要原文抄录,要用自己的话来进行总结描述。


然后就是分析过去研究的局限性并且阐明自己研究的创新点,这是整个Introduction的高潮所在,所以更是要慎之又慎。

阐述局限性的时候,需要注意的问题是要客观公正评价别人的工作,不要把抬高自己研究的价值建立在贬低别人的工作之上,这往往是我们最容易犯的毛病。在英文论文的写作中,这是万万要不得的,一定要遵循实事求是的原则来分析。

在阐述自己的创新点时,要仅仅围绕过去研究的缺陷性来描述,完整而清晰的描述自己的解决思路。需要注意的是文章的摊子不要铺的太大,要抓住一点进行深入的阐述。只要能够很好的解决一个问题,就是一篇很好的文章了。创新性描述的越多越大,越容易被审稿人抓住把柄。中文文章的特点是创新性要多要大,而英文文章的特点恰恰相反:深入系统的解决一到两个问题就算相当不错。


最后,就是总结性的描述论文的研究内容,可以分为一二三四等几个方面来描述,为Introduction做最后的收尾工作。

至此,Introduction的写作算是大功告成。但是写完之后,还是要慎之又慎的仔细修改,仔细的琢磨里面的每一个句子是否表达的恰当准确,这对Introduction的修改完善是至关重要的。


Introduction句型句式

表时间:

1、Over the course of the past 30 years, .. has emerged form intuitive

2、Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world

3、The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the

4、The development of ... is explored

5、During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of

directions,


强调自己工作:

1、However, data is still scarce/rare/less accurate, we need to/aim to/have to provide more documents/data/records/studies/increase the dataset. Further studies are still necessary/essenti‐al…

2、In the current study we tested the hypothesis that …

3、This study aim to/This paper reports on/This paper provides results/This paper extends the method/This paper focus on…;

4、The purpose of this paper is to …;

5、Furthermore/Moreover/In addition, we will also discuss…。


用来引出自己研究重要性以及前人不足之处的句型和句式

1、However, little information/attention/work/data/research … (or few studies/investigations/ researchers/attempts …) (or no/none of these studies) has (have) been done on/focused on/attempted to/conducted/investigated/studied (with respect to) …

2、Previous research/studies/records has/have failed to consider/ignored/misint erpreted/negle‐ ‐cted to/overestimated/underestimated/misleaded …. Thus, these previous results are inconcl‐isive/misleading/unsatisfactory/questionable/controversial.

3、Their studies may be more reasonable if they had … considered this situation.

4、Their results could be better convinced if they…

5、Their conclusion may remain some uncertainties。

———end———


@曼汉学院,依托曼汉集团全球合作资源,曼汉学院携手全球TOP30名校教授、研究员、博士后精心研发国际化科研课程,提供在线科研、论文提升辅导、科研转化、推荐信、智库服务等,做你科研路上的培养专家!(❤️欢迎加客服姐姐微信:MHSH201901)备注知乎哈~

推荐阅读:

毕业论文怎么弄开题报告?

有哪些论文文献查找的网站?

硕士毕业论文写不出来了怎么办?


user avatar   xf225 网友的相关建议: 
      

引言(Introduction)可长可短,结构,布局也相对灵活,写作策略、技巧也十分多样,一篇好的引言需要反复的打磨和修改。这里给低年级的研究生(化学、材料背景)介绍一种写引言的方法。一般而言,引言的基本逻辑是摘要的前三点(论文摘要怎么写? - 知乎):研究背景,问题,文章主旨。对于新手而言,比较安全的写作策略是把每一点展开成一段。

下面以一篇文章(Syringe-injectable electronics,Jia Liu et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 10, 629–636 (2015))为例介绍这种写法 (为了使界面清晰简洁,引文省略了参考文献)。这篇文章的研究对象是植入式电子器件,具体是研发了一种可以通过注射器注射植入的柔性电子器件,解决了植入式电子器件的定点植入问题。

引言部分如下:

The emergence of flexible electronics has significantly extended the applications of electronics by allowing intimate interfaces between electronic units and non-planar surfaces for better monitoring and manipulation of their properties. A variety of electronic devices have been integrated on flexible and stretchable substrates, enabling applications from foldable displays to electronic skin. Three-dimensional (3D) interpenetration of flexible electronics within existing structures could further broaden and open up new applications by directly interfacing devices with the internal structures of man-made and biological materials.

第一段交代研究背景。这一段可以分为三个层次:(1)界定研究领域——柔性电子器件,顺便介绍该领域研究的重要意义;(2)一句话概述研究领域的发展现况——柔性电子器件的多样态及广泛应用;(3)引出本文研究对象——三维可植入柔性电子器件。这三个层次是递进关系,逐渐聚焦到本文的研究对象。

Recent work has shown that flexible electronics can be placed into 3D structures through surgical processes or by being attached to and subsequently released from a rigid delivery substrates for biological and biomedical applications. However, direct 3D interpenetration of electronics within these structures is limited by the intrinsic thin-film supporting substrates. We have previously introduced a macroporous mesh paradigm that allows electronics to be combined with polymer precursors and cells to yield 3D interpenetration, although controlled delivery and/or non-surgical placement of these ultraflexible open electronic networks into structures with seamless 3D integration and interpenetration has not been possible.

第二段综述研究进展,指出存在的问题。陈述逻辑是由已知到未知,即“现在已经实现了A,但是还不能实现B/但是A还存在局限”。首句承接上文,综述研究进展,接着以However为标志,展开对问题的讨论,为后文陈述研究工作作铺垫,这是本段的重点。作者还特别交代了在这个问题上的前期工作,目的是(1)突出问题——尽管我们已经做了许多前期工作,这个问题仍然没有解决;(2)突出自己工作的连续性和系统性——我们已经在这个问题上深耕多年;(3)区别前期工作(下一段详述)。

Here, we describe the design and demonstration of macroporous flexible mesh electronics, where the electronics can be precisely delivered into 3D structures by syringe injection, whereupon they subsequently relax and interpenetrate within the internal space of man-made and biological materials. Distinct from previous reports, syringe injection requires the complete release of the mesh electronics from a substrate so that the electronics can be driven by solution through a needle. The syringe-injectable electronics concept involves (1) loading the mesh electronics into a syringe and needle, (2) insertion of the needle into the material or internal cavity and initiation of mesh injection, (3) simultaneous mesh injection and needle withdrawal to place the electronics into the targeted region, and (4) delivery of the input/output region of the mesh outside the material for subsequent bonding and measurements.

第三段概述本文内容,申明论文重点和亮点。这一段也可以分成三层:(1)第一层通常以Here, we show/report/present的固定句式开头,概述本文的研究工作,侧重对思路,策略及方法的讨论,不涉及具体的实验细节。(2)交代本文与(自己的或者是别人的)前期工作的区别——与前期工作相比,本文在哪些方面取得了突破。如果省去不写,第一审稿人有可能认为作者故意隐瞒前期工作以突出本文的创新性(审稿人是会去查相关文献的);第二让本文的工作显得孤立,没有多少积累,底气不足。所以,与其在cover letter里回应审稿人“你们/别人以前都做过了”的质疑,不如一开始就主动交代,划清界限,而且在文字上也有更多处理的空间(也需要更多的文字技巧);(3)明确指出研究工作的重要性和创新性。这里有一个写作技巧值得借鉴:以分点列举的方式陈述工作亮点,编辑/审稿人/读者可以一目了然 (注意:文中的数字序号要加括号,否则会被认为是数学意义上的数字)。

在写作引言时,有几个问题值得注意:

• 引言部分宁短勿长。刚开始写论文的同学最好把引言部分写得简洁精练(如上面介绍的三段式写法)。比如这篇论文(Science, 2016, 353, 1413)只用一段话就能把问题说的很清楚。如果没有多少写作经验很难驾驭长篇大论,极容易在写作过程中攀生枝节,造成逻辑主线模糊,同时影响阅读体验。引言部分最关键的是要保证逻辑线条的清晰。另外关于语言,引言部分多用长句,即以复合句,从句,现在分词做状语及独立主格结构为主。一句话只说一件事,忌构筑复杂的长难句,添加不必要的修饰成分(如插入语、同位语等)(这点和雅思写作的要求是相悖的),表意清晰最重要。

• 研究背景不要过度引申。研究背景只需要写与本文紧密相关的内容,不要过度引申。比如,写一个用石墨烯作超级电容器的工作既不需要从碳的同素异形体写起,也不需要向读者科普什么叫超级电容器。再如,写一个纤维状太阳能电池的工作不需要牵扯到能源问题。如:

It is not an exaggeration to say that the world will endure a global energy crisis in the near future. The foreseeable exhaustion of fossil fuels has boosted the development of alternative energy sources. As one of the promising candidates, solar power has hitherto attracted massive amounts of attention and thus inspired the exploitation of photovoltaic devices. The traditional silicon-based technology has confronted serious challenges as the heavy bulky packages are impractical for the ever-growing requirements of portable, flexible and low-cost devices.

删除前两句话这一段引言的逻辑也是成立的。

• 切入主题要自然,不要生搬硬套,拐弯抹角。试比较下面两篇引言的开头部分:

Tunable Photothermal Actuators Based on a Pre-programmed Aligned Nanostructure

By organizing their microscopic structures, plants are able to generate diverse mechanical motions in response to external stimuli. For instance, hygroscopic seed dispersal, a type of plant motion, consists of a variety of deformations that share a similar structure and mechanism. The orientation of cellulose fibrils embedded in a matrix of hemicellulose, lignin, pectin, and structural proteins plays a key role in such an actuation, e.g., two-dimensional opening movement in pine cones and three-dimensional twisting motion in Bauhinia variegata pods (Figure 1a,b). Improved understanding of the structure-response relationships in plants has inspired increasing interest in the synthesis of mechanically responsive materials with diverse actuation forms that resemble these biological structures.

作者想从仿生学的角度切入,但是划线部分迟迟不进入主题,并且用了很多专业名词,删除划线部分,引言的逻辑反而更清晰。下面这篇引言同样从生物角度切入,但是从第二句开始句句点题,逻辑清晰,可以顺利实现由自然结构到人工设计的叙事逻辑。

Hierarchically arranged helical fibre actuators driven by solvents and vapours

Mechanical responsiveness to external stimuli, an intrinsic property of plants, enables the performance of vital tasks such as seed dispersal, self-protection and food acquisition. These mechanical responses are derived from the internal helical structure. For instance, torsional movements, including the twisting of wood cells, helical motion of tendrils and coiling of awns, are generated by differential swelling or shrinkage in different parts of the tissue in response to a change in humidity. These swelling and shrinking behaviours are attributed to the helically winding structure of cellulose microfibrils (Fig. 1a,b). (Nat. Nanotechnol., 2015, 10, 1077)

• 研究进展只概括陈述和自己研究紧密相关的内容,不要写成文献综述,也不要指名道姓地陈述别人的工作,文章应该着眼于解决一类问题才能吸引广泛的读者群,这样写会让文章针对性太强 (too specific),如

Nowadays, the important hinder is the industrial production and application of fiber-shape supercapacitors. Yu et al. has continuously prepared SWNT/rGO hybrid fibers by in situ thermal treatment in an oven at 220 oC for 6 h. Kou et al. developed a coaxial wet-spinning assembly approach to continuously spin polyelectrolyte-wrapped graphene/CNT core-sheath fibers. (Unpublished Manuscript)

比较常用的写法是以列举的方式概括陈述,如

Starting from a widely available GO precursor, the main strategy to assemble porous 3D graphene networks is the self-assembly or gelation of the GO suspension via hydrothermal reduction, chemical reduction or direct crosslinking of the GO sheets. (Nat. Comm., 2015, 6, 6962)
Because of their Pt-like catalytic behaviours, Mo-based compounds, such as Mo2C, MoN, MoS2, and others have attracted substantial interest as a new class of electrocatalysts. (Nat. Comm., 2016, 7, 11204)
Recently, fibre-shaped micro-SCs have been developed for flexible and wearable electronics, based on carbon fibres, CNT fibres, rGO fibres and even carbon-based composite fibres containing pseudo-capacitive materials. (Nat. Nanotechnol. 2015, 9, 555)

• 准确引用参考文献。要重视参考文献的引用,不要随意引用,不要过量引用,也不要缺引和漏引。参考文献一般引用高水平,有代表性的学术文献,引用原始文献,引用最新发表的重要文献,少引或者不引综述性的文章,特别是避免引用很长的综述(因为读者不会去看),不要在不相关的地方自引。

引言的组织结构有很多种,这里只介绍了其中一种写法,其逻辑比较简单直接,适用于大多数情况。平时多研究一些高水平论文的引言写法会对自己的论文写作有帮助,而要做到写出高屋建瓴的引言非计日程功,需要对自己的研究领域有长期积累和思考。


user avatar   zhang-lao-shi-liao-ying-wen-xue-zhu-xie-zuo 网友的相关建议: 
      

我从Introduction的重要性主要内容结构中国学者常见写作误区句型干货分享这四个方面来透彻聊聊Introduction引言部分。再次感谢我们工作室外籍老师整理的专业句型,本文内容全部摘自我的专栏文章,欢迎大家点击阅读:



「一、什么是Introduction?」


初次接触科研论文写作的同学可能多少会有这样的疑问:

—— 到底什么是科研论文的Introduction引言呢?

—— 科研小白: "觉得它好像比Abstract摘要复杂详细一点?"

—— 好像又和后面的 Related Work (或者Literature Review) 文献综述有一些内容上的重叠?


Introduction引言部分通过呈现研究课题所折射的研究理论来说服目标读者 引言部分不同于摘要Abstract), 字数上没有严格的局限性,但是内容方面要求在对应的选题上更加精准和明确(be concise and to the point)。引言通常需要承接摘要部分提出的几个学术方向展开话题,从比较宽泛的学术背景铺垫逐渐过渡到论文的研究课题(narrow down to the research problem)。


接下来我们通过一段小视频来进一步了我们写引言的目的:

论文中引言Introduction的作用 https://www.zhihu.com/video/1058035124402208768

(Video Source: Youtube. By WORDVICE)


看完了?们不妨透过下面两个问题来梳理一下其中信息:


Why An Introduction Is Needed?


「从文章的大结构来看Introduction提出了你的研究问题,这个问题的答案应该在文章的Discussion或者Conclusion部分呈现给读者,也就是在文章的首尾形成一个前后呼应的关系」。


那Introduction引言部分是只有一个横空出世的研究问题吗?


显然不是!引言部分需要解答两个核心问题:

1.研究空白是什么?为什么我们要填补这个研究空白?(更加接地气地表达就是, 你要说服读者这个研究空白很重要值得我们费时费力去探究)


2. 你的研究问题是什么?为什么你的研究问题可以填补这个研究空白?(更加接地气地表达就是,你要说服读者相信你的研究的确填补了这个领域的空白)


于是乎,整个引言部分的逻辑架构就呼之欲出了!



即我们的引言部分要清晰地呈现这样一个思路:


二、那么具体到写作中应该包含哪些细节内容呢?


我们通过这段视频来了解一下引言部分的结构:

Introduction引言的结构 https://www.zhihu.com/video/1057983062993989632

(Video Source: Youtube. By WORDVICE)

「Introduction的行文框架可以理解为一个“漏斗结构”,也是一个从较宽泛的学术领域逐渐缩小到你的研究目标的过程」




接下来我们对于学术论文引言部分的几大内容一一展开详解:

Introduction引言部分的具体内容 https://www.zhihu.com/video/1057983297900179456

(Video Source: Youtube. By WORDVICE)

1. 研究背景和重要性(Background And Importance)

  • Mention of previous work on the subject
  • A statement of the importance of the subject

引言部分的第一段需要给出研究领域的大背景及其重要性所在。这个大背景勾勒出该领域科研成果从古至今的一个走向或者趋势 (what is known),为接下来本论文课题的发展生长提供温床。这部分内容的展开一定要引用该领域前人、大牛的经典文献或者奠基性著作,体现你对于该学科的一个总体把握是全面且客观的。那如何从这个大背景引入到论文的课题呢?当我们从该学术领域的大趋势逐渐缩小范围时,只需把其中「关联该论文课题的相关信息(keep stick to relevant information only)」拎出来说,这样才能保证最后能自然过渡到文章将要探讨的科研课题。


2. 引出该领域科研空白(What Is Unknown)

  • Description of knowledge gap

摆出该研究领域的一个概况之后,就要顺理成章地指出哪些是我们还未涉及的领域(或是没有研究透彻的问题)。当然这样的问题有千千万万,此处不能全部罗列,必要要对应着你的论文课题来谈。直白地说,就是你论文课题研究的什么,此处就针对性地写“这个课题尚未被太多科研者涉足”云云。


3. 点题—指出本文的研究课题(Topic Of Research Paper)

  • Announce the research topic/question being addressed in research paper
  • How it will fill the missing brick in the wall of research already done

既然研究空白已近在眼前,那么对应的研究课题便要紧随其后。接下来就是你理直气壮陈述该论文主题的时刻,此时需要注意与研究空白的呼应,即在摆出课题是什么的基础之上更近一层,简要分析这个课题是「如何填补了科研空白」的。例如本文采用的模型预测精度更高?或是考虑了某个影响因子(前人研究没有考虑但是该因子其实很重要)的作用?亦或是在不同的实验条件、实验地点得出了和其他科研论文不一样的结论?

千万不要觉得这个关系显而易见嘛,为什么还要多写一句废话?殊不知这种 “进一步”的关联性分析往往是中国学生最喜欢忽略的,很多内容大家心里已经想到,唯独没有用英文去表述出来。


4. 概述文章的核心方法论和主要发现(Highlight The Approach And Principal Findings)

  • Description of your approach and why you chose it (if needed)
  • Brief summary of your major findings

这部分的内容并不是每一个学科领域或者所有期刊都有要求,但如果你的文章依照学科惯例要对这两方面提及的话,则可在Introduction的中简洁地做出概述。需要注意一定要提出主要的研究手段(是什么以及为什么选择它)和研究发现,不要过分展开更不需谈及细节,精炼地点到为止即可。


5. 提出猜想和研究目的(Hypothesis And Objectives)

最后在引言的结尾提出对之前科研问题的猜想以及你通过这项科研课题的研究想要达到的研究目的(Objectives)。研究目的可以依照文章的具体内容板块拆分成几个小点罗列出来。这种方式有点类似“节目预告”,给读者阅读后面的内容引路,一方面能够让读者明白后面内容的大致轮廓(Organization of this paper),另一方面也能抓住读者的注意力继续循着你提供的线索和方向探究下去。


「三. Introduction写作中需避免的常见错误」


在罗列写作误区之前先回答一个大家关注度讨论度很高的问题,那就是

什么时候写Introduction?(When to write Introduction)

什么时候写论文Introduction? https://www.zhihu.com/video/1057983833340772352

(Video Source: Youtube. By WORDVICE)


正如上面的视频所陈述,在这里我们推荐理工科的论文写作中,把引言写作安排到方法论(Methods)、结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)部分完成之后,但是在结论(Conclusion)之前去开展写作。这样的安排对于作者写作视角的搭建大有裨益,毕竟已经完成了文章的内容主体,相较于开始就写Introduction的做法,也更能精准呈现文章的信息。


那么接下来我们一一盘点写作中的常见误区吧!

论文Introduction常见写作误区 https://www.zhihu.com/video/1058035416111931392

(Video Source: Youtube. By WORDVICE)


「误区1」. 一个观点或者论据引用一大串文献 — Give too many citations for one point

例如Many studies have found a significant association between X and Y [4-15]. 这句话引用文献 [4-15] 实在是太多了,堆砌在一个观点的后面是审稿人很反感的。尽量节选重要的经典的或者最近的文献来引用。如果说这些文献实在是都很值得引用,那么不妨尝试改用下面的句式来展现A significant association has been found between X and Y in men[4-7], women [8-11], and children [12-15].


「误区2」. 指出研究课题不具体说明到底如何有研究价值 — Explain why your research topic is worth of study

例如我在修改学生论文时最常遇到的表达就是“… is important…”,但是没有给出细节描述重要性体现在哪些方面。所以如果你想说The development of new materials is important for the automotive industry, 则应该要这样去表述The development of new materials is necessaryfor the automotive industry to produce stronger, lighter vehicles, which will improve safety and fuel economy.(推荐表达,加粗部分具体指明在哪几个点体现新材料的重要性)


「误区3」. 细节过多导致句子不够精炼 — Bury your readers in detail

引言部分不要摆太多的细节和具体数据,尤其是关于论文研究结果的具体数据。关于研究方法、研究结果只需要概述性地在引言部分点到为止即可,接下来的章节会给它们更多的空间去展开更具体的内容。如果说引言部分所有论据和陈述都罗列太多细节性的内容,会让句子显得非常臃肿,导致干扰信息过多让读者抓不住重点。


例如 a previous study conducted in 2014 found that 10% fewer individuals were diagnosed with age-related diseases, such as arthritis, in areas with such healthcare policies in place.

推荐修改如下更精炼简洁 a previous study found that fewer individuals were diagnosed with age-related diseases in areas with such healthcare policies.



读到这里,如果你觉得有帮助,请帮忙先点个赞,我们接着来总结「干货」...

Introduction 句型推荐

1.「General introduction」:

For decades, one of the most popular ideas in … literature is the idea that …

Recent theoretical developments have revealed that …

A common strategy used to study … is …

These approaches have been influential in field … because of …

Most of the theories of … are however focused on explaining …

The field has gradually broadened as …

… has been widely adopted in the field of …

One of the major topics to be investigated in … is …

… is widely considered at the time of …

… phenomenon has been widely observed through…


2.「Problem definition」:

There is a further problem with …

One primary problem with … is that …

The foremost problems are the facts that …

A challenging problem which arises in this domain is …

A well-known problem with … is that it does not take into account the …

This appears as a more straightforward problem compared to the … turns out to be even more challenging because …

This poses some problems when carrying out the …

Unfortunately, this approach results in problems related to …

These constraints make the problem difficult to …

Most of the research in … field is aimed at solving …


3.「Gaps in literature」:

There has been less previous evidence for …

Other studies have failed to …

To our knowledge, few studies have yielded …

Limited open literature to date has reported…

Only a few studies have shown that…

However, … has rarely been examined directly

Moreover, few studies have focused on …


4.「Problems solution」:

There are many alternative methods are available for solving…

A solution to this problem is proposed in …

One approach to solve this problem involves the use of … can be applied to overcome …

A number of works have shown that this problem can be solved by using …

A large number of alternative approaches have been developed to…

Potential techniques to solve contemporary problems in … are…

The standard solution to the problem is based on …

Broadly speaking, the problem can be addressed by …

Recently, a more general solution has been developed for…


5.「Study motivation」:

It is of interest to know whether … still …

It would be of special interest to…

We therefore analyzed … and investigated whether…

For this study, it was of importance to investigate …

We investigated whether … can be partly explained by …

To examine the impact of …, we …

One common approach to testify… is to…

A new approach is therefore needed for …


6.「Aims & objectives」:

The aim is to develop more sophisticated methods for …

For our first goal, we focus on two problems …

The aim here is to investigate …

This project aims to develop an overarching framework to…

The aim of the experiment is to compare …

The overall goal of this research was to pursue …

One of the major aims of this work was to create …

The main objective is to investigate methods for improving…

The objectives can be restated in the light of …

The objective is to demonstrate the feasibility of …


7.「Significance and advantages of your work」:

This thesis documents several key contributions of…

The first main contribution proposed in this field is …

The contributions of this work are presented as follows: …

The key contribution of this work is the solution it provides …

It has significant benefits in terms of …

These point out the advantages and practicability of …

One of the key benefits of the algorithm is …

The main advantage compared to previous ones is …

One practical advantage of the method is that it can be used in …

In comparison with other techniques, this method has the advantage of …

The benefit of using the … is expected to …


好啦,关于“引言Introduction部分”我们就学到这里,后期如果还有整理归纳会继续补充在后面,希望对大家的学术写作有所帮助


如果你觉得这篇分享对你有帮助,欢迎围观:

相关话题下我的回答:

如何长期有效地记住单词?

如何看懂英文文献?

如何提高英文写作水平?如何提高英文写作用词准确度?


user avatar   editspringsxue-zhu 网友的相关建议: 
      

Introduction是学术论文的开场白,以简短的文字介绍研究背景和目的,以及相关领域内前人所做的工作和研究的概况,说明本研究与前人工作的关系,目前研究的热点和存在的问题,以便读者了解该文的概貌,起导读的作用。

Introduction应包含以下内容:

(a)文章的目的;

(b)对目的的证实(为什么整个工作重要);

(c)背景,其他人已经做了的,怎样去做的,我们以前已经做的;

(d)指导作者:作者应该在文章中看到什么?文章中让人感兴趣的关键点是什么?我们使用了什么,我们使用什么方法来做的?本文采用的基本方法和假设;

(e)概括和总结:作者所期望的结论是什么?

(a)开门见山,不绕圈子。避免长篇大论讲述立题研究过程;

(b)言简意赅,突出重点。避免过多叙述同行熟知及教科书中常识性内容,确有必要提及他人的研究成果和基本原理时,以参考引文的形式标出文献即可。在前言中提示本文的工作和观点时,要意思明确,语言简练;

(c)尊重科学,实事求是。论述本文的研究意义时,注意分寸,切忌使用“有很高的学术价值”、“填补国内外空白”、“首次发现”等不实之词;同时也要注意不用客套话,如“水平有限”、“恳请指求”之类的语言;

(d)前言的内容不要与摘要雷同,更不是摘要的注释。前言一般与结论相呼应,提出的问题在结论中应有解答,但要避免与结论雷同;

(e)简短的前言,最好不分段论述,不要插图和列表,不进行公式的推导与证明;

(f)分析过去研究的局限性并且阐明自己研究的创新点,这是整个前言的高潮所在。阐明局限要客观。在阐述自己的创新点时,要仅仅围绕过去研究的缺陷性来描述,完整而清晰的描述自己的解决思路,并且文章摊子不要铺的太大。创新性描述的越多越大,越容易被审稿人抓住把柄。

内容来自:EditSprings学术编辑:SCI论文写作:正确打开Introduction的方法

EditSprings(艾德思),专业学术英语。

科研之路为你助力。




  

相关话题

  在科研中,如果出现了隐蔽的计算错误会怎样? 
  经济学初学者应该看什么样的论文? 
  是不是国内外的所有期刊审稿人都在无偿劳动审稿,为什么? 
  如何看待中科院道德委正式回应饶毅举报裴钢:已明确未造假,不再进行调查? 
  觉得自己不适合科研,还要继续吗? 
  你的学科出现过哪些最终失败的有趣研究? 
  把几个著名作家的写作风格融进一篇文章中,感觉会是怎样? 
  「世界上最悲伤的小学作文」文笔怎么样?儿童能天生达到这种境界吗? 
  如何看待冷炮历史发表的最新神论文章? 
  实验数据中是否可以舍去少数显著不合理的部分?判据是怎样的? 

前一个讨论
你的导师对你说过什么让你至今难以忘怀的话?
下一个讨论
怎么选取训练神经网络时的Batch size?





© 2024-05-13 - tinynew.org. All Rights Reserved.
© 2024-05-13 - tinynew.org. 保留所有权利