刚入关时的清军能否和巅峰时期的英国红衫军或拿破仑的军队抗衡？ 第1页

这个问题虽然比“十万成吉思汗铁骑冲几个纳粹德国装甲师”正常一些（给我两辆管油管弹药的装甲车，我能从北京开到哈拉和林，如果能有个大喇叭做做宣传恐吓什么的就更好了），但是还是差距太过明显。

佐一个例子

作者：马前卒
链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/58472303/answer/157647160
来源：知乎
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史上比较合适的例子是1898年恩图曼战役。比这早的时代没有机枪，比这晚的时代，像丧尸的宗教狂热者太少。这一战马赫迪宗教军兵力5万多，其中包括2万狂热的苦行僧，装备有15000条步枪和少量火炮，还有几千骑兵，对战2.6万英埃联军（其中真英国人8600）。

由于伊斯兰国的严酷生活方式，苦行僧们基本做到了“生亦何欢，死亦何苦”，能以万人规模决死冲锋，还能操作现代枪炮，后面跟着伺机突破的骑兵队，冲击力不是任何电影的丧尸团能比的。观战的丘吉尔（就是后来当首相的那个）高度评价了马赫迪军的勇气和狡诈（既能舍生忘死，也能做出抵消火力的诱敌战术）。然而英国人有40挺马克沁机枪……

一般认为，这一战马赫迪军的损失率在70%-90%之间（3-4万伤亡，5000被俘），其中有一万人死于马克沁横扫，剩下的无论死活也都躺在荒原上了（英国人无视了对方伤员），都是永久性损失。对面的英国人和埃及人总共只死了48人，伤了300多。（注意伤亡比例！）就算这300多人都是被丧尸咬的，相信英国人也能自己隔离被咬到的单位（留几挺机枪做预备队，必要时候从背后扫射被感染的团队）。

人家马赫迪从战斗意志到武器装备都比满清强的太多。。。

当然了，重要变量是马克沁机枪，但是拿破仑几千人的步枪方阵火力也不一定比不上40挺机枪吧，更何况还有野战炮兵，那火力不是一个类型的。。。

上文就是泛泛一说，至于欧洲19时机的军备嘛。。。

拿破仑时期的火炮

Napoleonic artillery
Cannons continued to become smaller and lighter—Frederick II of Prussia deployed the first genuine light artillery during the Seven Years War.
Jean-Baptiste de Gribeauval, a French artillery engineer, introduced the standardization of cannon design in the mid-18th century. He developed a 6-inch (150 mm) field howitzer whose gun barrel, carriage assembly and ammunition specifications were made uniform for all French cannons. The standardized interchangeable parts of these cannons down to the nuts, bolts and screws made their mass production and repair much easier. Another major change at this time was the development of a flintlock firing mechanism for the cannons to replace the old method of igniting powder in the cannon touchhole. The flintlock was a far more reliable (and safe) mechanism.
These improvements in the French artillery were essential for the later military successes of Napoleon. Napoleon, himself a former artillery officer, perfected the tactic of massed artillery batteries unleashed upon a critical point in his enemies' line as a prelude to a decisive infantry and cavalry assault.

拿破仑时期的胸甲骑兵（重骑兵）

Most heavy cavalry from c. 1700 to c. 1785 wore the tricorne hat, which evolved into the bicorne, or cocked hat, towards the close of the century. In the first two decades of the 19th century, helmets, often of hardened leather with brass reinforcement (though the French used iron-skulled helmets for their cuirassiers), replaced the bicorne hat.
A resurgence of armoured cavalry took place in France under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte, who increased the number of armoured regiments from one to, ultimately, sixteen (fourteen cuirassier regiments plus two Carabiniers-à-Cheval regiments).
During the first few decades of the 19th century most of the major states of Europe, excepting Austria which had retained its armoured cavalry, readopted the cuirass for some of their heavy cavalry in emulation of the French. The Russians fielded two divisions of armoured cavalry, but most other states armoured a few senior regiments: Prussia three regiments, the Kingdom of Saxony three, the Kingdom of Westphalia two, Spain one (Coraceros Españoles) and the Duchy of Warsaw one. The three Household Cavalry regiments of the British Army (1st and 2nd Life Guards and Royal Horse Guards) adopted cuirasses shortly after the Napoleonic Wars as part of their full dress uniforms, but never had occasion to wear the armour in battle.
Cuirassiers were generally the senior branch of the mounted portion of an army, retaining their status as heavy cavalry—"big men on big horses". Their value as a heavy striking force during the Napoleonic Wars ensured that the French, Russian and Prussian armies continued to use cuirassier regiments throughout the 19th century.

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