《威尼斯商人》有一句：“不准许我的请求，那就是蔑视宪章，我要到京城里去上告”宪章和京城究竟是什么？ 第1页

中译者的本地化演绎。朱生豪也许是未详细了解威尼斯共和国当时所处的地位，或者单纯为追求译文可理解性而作出了与原文不同的发挥。

这种情况在外国文学翻译界很常见。例如同为著名翻译家的陈良廷版《红死魔的面具》

But the Prince Prospero was happy and dauntless and sagacious. When his dominions were half depopulated, he summoned to his presence a thousand hale and light-hearted friends from among the knights and dames of his court, and with these retired to the deep seclusion of one of his castellated abbeys. This was an extensive and magnificent structure, the creation of the prince's own eccentric yet august taste. A strong and lofty wall girdled it in. This wall had gates of iron. The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts. They resolved to leave means neither of ingress nor egress to the sudden impulses of despair or of frenzy from within. The abbey was amply provisioned. With such precautions the courtiers might bid defiance to contagion. The external world could take care of itself. In the meantime it was folly to grieve, or to think. The prince had provided all the appliances of pleasure. There were buffoons, there were improvisatori, there were ballet-dancers, there were musicians, there was Beauty, there was wine. All these and security were within. Without was the "Red Death".
可是荣王爷倒照样欢欢喜喜，他胸有成竹，天不怕地不怕。当他领地里的老百姓死了一半的时候，他便从宫里武士和命妇中挑了一千名体壮心宽的伴当，把他们召到跟前，然后带了他们隐居到他治下一座雉堞高筑的大寺院里去。这座寺院占地宽广，建筑宏伟，完全按照王爷那古怪而骄奢的口味兴建而成。寺院四周围着坚固的高墙。墙上安着铁门。这批门客进了寺院，便随带熔炉和大铁锤，把门闩全都焊上。他们横下心来，决不留开方便之门，哪怕今后在里头憋不住，一时绝望发狂，也无从出入。寺院里储粮充足，有备无患，他们对什么瘟疫都不放在心上了。外界闹得如何，悉听自便。再说伤心也罢，挂虑也罢，都是庸人自扰。王爷早已安排好一切寻欢作乐的设备。有说笑逗乐的，有即兴表演的，有跳芭蕾舞的，有演奏乐曲的，有美女，还有醇酒。寺院里应有尽有，尽可以安享太平，寺院外却是“红死”猖獗。

It was a voluptuous scene, that masquerade. But first let me tell of the rooms in which it was held. These were seven—an imperial suite. In many palaces, however, such suites form a long and straight vista, while the folding doors slide back nearly to the walls on either hand, so that the view of the whole extent is scarcely impeded. Here the case was very different, as might have been expected from the duke's love of thebizarre. The apartments were so irregularly disposed that the vision embraced but little more than one at a time. There was a sharp turn at every twenty or thirty yards, and at each turn a novel effect. To the right and left, in the middle of each wall, a tall and narrow Gothic window looked out upon a closed corridor which pursued the windings of the suite. These windows were of stained glass whose colour varied in accordance with the prevailing hue of the decorations of the chamber into which it opened. That at the eastern extremity was hung, for example in blue—and vividly blue were its windows. The second chamber was purple in its ornaments and tapestries, and here the panes were purple. The third was green throughout, and so were the casements. The fourth was furnished and lighted with orange—the fifth with white—the sixth with violet. The seventh apartment was closely shrouded in black velvet tapestries that hung all over the ceiling and down the walls, falling in heavy folds upon a carpet of the same material and hue. But in this chamber only, the colour of the windows failed to correspond with the decorations. The panes here were scarlet—a deep blood colour. Now in no one of the seven apartments was there any lamp or candelabrum, amid the profusion of golden ornaments that lay scattered to and fro or depended from the roof. There was no light of any kind emanating from lamp or candle within the suite of chambers. But in the corridors that followed the suite, there stood, opposite to each window, a heavy tripod, bearing a brazier of fire, that projected its rays through the tinted glass and so glaringly illumined the room. And thus were produced a multitude of gaudy and fantastic appearances. But in the western or black chamber the effect of the fire-light that streamed upon the dark hangings through the blood-tinted panes, was ghastly in the extreme, and produced so wild a look upon the countenances of those who entered, that there were few of the company bold enough to set foot within its precincts at all.
这场化装舞会啊，真个是穷奢极侈。这里且容我把举行舞会的场地介绍一下。一共有七间屋子，原是一套行宫。不过若在一般宫中，这种套间只要把折门向两边推开，推齐墙跟，眼前望出去就一片笔直，整个套间一览无遗。而这里的情况大不相同，因为这位王爷就爱别出心裁，其余可想而知了。这些屋子造得极不整齐，一下子只能看到一个地方。每隔二三十步路的地方就有一个急转角，每个转角都可以看到新奇的景物。左右两面墙中间都开着又高又窄的哥特式窗子，窗外是一条围绕这套行宫的回廊。窗子都是彩色玻璃的，色彩各各不同，和打开的各间室内装饰主要色调一致。譬如说，东厢那间悬挂的装饰是蓝色的——窗子就蓝得晶莹。策二间屋子的装饰和帷幔都是紫红的，窗玻璃也照样是紫红的。第三间屋里一律是绿的，窗扉也是绿的。第四间的家具和映入的光线都是橙黄的。第五间全是白的，第六间全是紫罗兰色的。第七间从天花板到四壁壁脚都密密层层罩着黑丝绒帷幔，重重叠叠的拖到同色同科的地毯上。只有这一间的窗子，色彩同室内装饰不一致。这里的窗玻璃是猩红色的——红得象浓浓的血一般。在这七间屋子里，摆得满坑满谷，或悬空挂着的大批金碧辉煌的装饰品中，竟没有一盏灯，也没有一架烛台。在这一套屋子里，根本没有一点灯火，也没有一点烛光。可是在围绕这套屋子的回廊上，每扇窗子对面都搁着一只沉甸甸的大香炉，香炉里有个火钵，发出的光透过彩色玻璃，照得屋里通亮。因此呈现出五光十色，千奇百怪的景象。可是在西厢的黑屋里，火光透过血红的窗玻璃，照射到漆黑的帷慢上，却是无比阴森，凡是进屋的人，无不映得脸无人色，所以男男女女没有一个胆敢走进屋来。

but of so peculiar a note and emphasis that, at each lapse of an hour, the musicians of the orchestra were constrained to pause, momentarily, in their performance, to harken to the sound; and thus the waltzers perforce ceased their evolutions; and there was a brief disconcert of the whole gay company
然而调子和点子又如此古怪，因此每过一小时，乐队里的乐师都不由得暂停演奏来倾听钟声；双双对对跳着华尔兹舞的也不得不停止旋转，正在寻欢作乐的红男绿女不免乱一阵子

"Who dares,"—he demanded hoarsely of the courtiers who stood near him—"who dares insult us with this blasphemous mockery? Seize him and unmask him—that we may know whom we have to hang, at sunrise, from the battlements!"
“哪个胆敢，哪个胆敢用这种该死的玩笑来侮辱我们啊？把他抓起来，剥开他的面具——我们倒要瞧瞧，明儿一早绑到城头上绞死的究竟是个什么人？”

And now was acknowledged the presence of the Red Death. He had come like a thief in the night. And one by one dropped the revellers in the blood-bedewed halls of their revel, and died each in the despairing posture of his fall. And the life of the ebony clock went out with that of the last of the gay. And the flames of the tripods expired. And Darkness and Decay and the Red Death held illimitable dominion over all.
到此大家都公认“红死魔”已经上门来了，他象宵小一样溜进来。寻欢作乐的人，一个接着一个的倒在血染满地的舞厅里，尸横狼藉，个个都是一副绝望的姿态。乌檀木时钟的生命也终于随着放荡生活的告终而结束了。香炉的火光也熄灭了。只有黑暗、衰败和“红死”一统天下。

词汇和用语的本地化将读者脑海中想象的场景由中世纪变为中国宫廷。

（西方读者想象的）

（中文读者想象的）