百科问答小站 logo
百科问答小站 font logo



中文里的“关系”一词如何用英语准确描述? 第1页

  

user avatar   mai-wen-xue-67 网友的相关建议: 
      

Interpersonal relationship

人际关系的概念涉及两个或更多人之间的社会关联、联系或附属关系。

人际关系在其亲密程度或自我披露方面有所不同,但也在其持续时间、其互惠性和其权力分配方面有所不同,仅举几个方面。背景可以从家庭或亲属关系、友谊、婚姻、与伙伴的关系、工作、俱乐部、邻里和礼拜场所等方面有所不同。关系可以由法律、习俗或相互协议来调节,并构成社会团体和整个社会的基础。这种关联可能是基于推论、爱、团结、支持、定期的商业互动,或其他一些类型的社会联系或承诺。人际关系通过公平和互惠的妥协而发展,它们在社会、文化和其他影响的背景下形成。对人际关系的研究涉及社会科学的几个分支,包括沟通研究、心理学、人类学、社会工作、社会学和数学等学科。

对人际关系的科学研究在20世纪90年代发展起来,在Ellen Berscheid和Elaine Hatfield的研究之后,被称为 "关系科学" 。


        Judy Nadler and Miriam Schulman. "Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism". Santa Clara University. Retrieved 20 June 2013.     


俺不同意 Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism 这些词能概括 “关系”。

因为逻辑上“关系”是个超集, 而 Favoritism, Cronyism, and Nepotism 这些只是子集(subset)。




REF

        Berscheid E (April 1999). "The greening of relationship science". The American Psychologist. 4. 54 (4): 260–6. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.54.4.260. PMID 10217995. S2CID 17857452.  Acker M, Davis MH (1992). "Intimacy, Passion and Commitment in Adult Romantic Relationships: A Test of the Triangular Theory of Love". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 9 (1): 21–50. doi:10.1177/0265407592091002. S2CID 143485002.  Gibson LS (2015). "The Science of Romantic Love: Distinct Evolutionary, Neural, and Hormonal Characteristics". International Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities. 7 (1): 1. doi:10.7710/2168-0620.1036.  Sternberg RJ (1986). "A triangular theory of love". Psychological Review. 93 (2): 119–135. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.93.2.119.  Hazan C, Shaver P (March 1987). "Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 52 (3): 511–24. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511. PMID 3572722. S2CID 2280613.  Vangelisti AL. "Interpersonal processes in romantic relationships" (PDF). Interpersonal Processes in Romantic Relationships. Handbook of Interpersonal Communication. 3: 643–679 – via Sage.  Kito M (April 2005). "Self-disclosure in romantic relationships and friendships among American and Japanese college students". The Journal of Social Psychology. 145 (2): 127–40. doi:10.3200/SOCP.145.2.127-140. PMID 15816343. S2CID 25117099.  "Definition of PLATONIC LOVE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2020-04-04.  Meier A, Allen G (2009). "Romantic Relationships from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Evidence from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health". The Sociological Quarterly. 50 (2): 308–335. doi:10.1111/j.1533-8525.2009.01142.x. PMC 4201847. PMID 25332511.  Merkle ER, Richardson RA (2004). "Digital Dating and Virtual Relating: Conceptualizing Computer Mediated Romantic Relationships". Family Relations. 49 (2): 187–192. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00187.x. JSTOR 585815.  Montgomery MJ, Sorell GT (1997). "Differences in Love Attitudes across Family Life Stages". Family Relations. 46 (1): 55–61. doi:10.2307/585607. JSTOR 585607.  Sassler S (June 2010). "Partnering Across the Life Course: Sex, Relationships, and Mate Selection". Journal of Marriage and the Family. 72 (3): 557–575. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00718.x. PMC 3399251. PMID 22822268.  Mohr JJ, Daly CA (2008). "Sexual minority stress and changes in relationship quality in same-sex couples". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 25 (6): 989–1007. doi:10.1177/0265407508100311. S2CID 145225150.  Li T, Dobinson C, Scheim A, Ross L (2013). "Unique Issues Bisexual People Face in Intimate Relationships: A Descriptive Exploration of Lived Experience". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health. 17: 21–39. doi:10.1080/19359705.2012.723607. S2CID 145715751.  Iantaffi A, Bockting WO (March 2011). "Views from both sides of the bridge? Gender, sexual legitimacy and transgender people's experiences of relationships". Culture, Health & Sexuality. 13 (3): 355–70. doi:10.1080/13691058.2010.537770. PMC 3076785. PMID 21229422.  DeHaan S, Kuper LE, Magee JC, Bigelow L, Mustanski BS (2013). "The interplay between online and offline explorations of identity, relationships, and sex: a mixed-methods study with LGBT youth". Journal of Sex Research. 50 (5): 421–34. doi:10.1080/00224499.2012.661489. PMID 22489658. S2CID 19195192.  Roisman GI, Clausell E, Holland A, Fortuna K, Elieff C (January 2008). "Adult romantic relationships as contexts of human development: a multimethod comparison of same-sex couples with opposite-sex dating, engaged, and married dyads". Developmental Psychology. 44 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44.1.91. PMID 18194008.  "Number of U.S. adults cohabiting with a partner continues to rise, especially among those 50 and older". Pew Research Center. 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2018-04-04.  Gillies J (2010-01-12). The History of Ancient Greece: Its Colonies and Conquests, from the Earliest Accounts Till the Division of the Macedonian Empire in the East: ... of Literature, Philosophy, and the Fine Arts. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-142-12050-4.  Holzman D (1998). "The Place of Filial Piety in Ancient China". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 118 (2): 185–199. doi:10.2307/605890. JSTOR 605890.  Borovecki-Jakovljev S, Matacić S (June 2005). "The Oedipus complex in the contemporary psychoanalysis". Collegium Antropologicum. 29 (1): 351–60. PMID 16117347.  Blum D (2011-12-28). "Love According to Harry Harlow". APS Observer. 25 (1).  Suomi SJ, van der Horst FC, van der Veer R (December 2008). "Rigorous experiments on monkey love: an account of Harry F. Harlow's role in the history of attachment theory". Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science. 42 (4): 354–69. doi:10.1007/s12124-008-9072-9. PMID 18688688.  Stevens, Francis (2014). "Affect Regulation Styles in Avoidant and Anxious Attachment" (PDF). Individual Differences Research. 12: 123–130 – via EBSCOHost.  Greenberg MT, Cicchetti D, Cummings EM, eds. (1993-05-15). Attachment in the Preschool Years: Theory, Research, and Intervention (Revised ed.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226306308.  Kim S, Boldt LJ, Kochanska G (2015). "From parent-child mutuality to security to socialization outcomes: developmental cascade toward positive adaptation in preadolescence". Attachment & Human Development. 17 (5): 472–91. doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1072832. PMC 4840872. PMID 26258443.  Kochanska G, Kim S (January 2014). "A complex interplay among the parent-child relationship, effortful control, and internalized, rule-compatible conduct in young children: evidence from two studies". Developmental Psychology. 50 (1): 8–21. doi:10.1037/a0032330. PMC 3750102. PMID 23527491.  Koops W, Zuckerman M (2003-01-01). "Introduction: A historical developmental approach to adolescence". The History of the Family. 8 (3): 345–354. doi:10.1016/S1081-602X(03)00041-1. S2CID 144062880.  Marceau K, Ram N, Susman E (September 2015). "Development and Lability in the Parent-Child Relationship During Adolescence: Associations With Pubertal Timing and Tempo". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 25 (3): 474–489. doi:10.1111/jora.12139. PMC 4550307. PMID 26321856.  Arnett JJ (2014). "Presidential Address: The Emergence of Emerging Adulthood". Emerging Adulthood. 2 (3): 155–162. doi:10.1177/2167696814541096. S2CID 143471902.  Portner LC, Riggs SA (2016). "Sibling Relationships in Emerging Adulthood: Associations with Parent–Child Relationship". Journal of Child and Family Studies. 25 (6): 1755–1764. doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0358-5. S2CID 147667305.  Deutsch FM (2009). "Egalitarian Relationships". In Reis HT, Sprecher S (eds.). Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. doi:10.4135/9781412958479.n156. ISBN 9781412958462.  Shannon B (2011). Frenemy: The Friend Who Bullies (Master of Applied Psychology). University of Waikato.  Levinger G (1983). "Development and change". In Kelly HH (ed.). Close relationships. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company. pp. 315–359.  Dolan, Paul; Peasgood, Tessa; White, Mathew (18 June 2007). "Do we really know what makes us happy? A review of the economic literature on the factors associated with subjective well-being" (PDF). Journal of Economic Psychology. 29: 94–122. doi:10.1016/j.joep.2007.09.001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 14 April 2018.  "Breakups isn't all bad: Coping strategies to promote positive outcomes". apa.org.  "Can a Rebound Relationship Be the Real Deal?". Psychology Today.  "The 4 Main Reasons Why People Stay Friends With Their Exes". Psychology Today.  "How Healthy Are On-Again/Off-Again Relationships?". Psychology Today.  "The Truth About On-Again, Off-Again Couples". Psychology Today.  "Predictors of Infidelity: Why Do Partners Cheat?". 18 December 2014.  "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Infidelity But Were Afraid to Ask * Hooking Up Smart". 24 July 2013.  Mark, Kristen P.; Janssen, Erick; Milhausen, Robin R. (1 October 2011). "Infidelity in heterosexual couples: demographic, interpersonal, and personality-related predictors of extradyadic sex". Archives of Sexual Behavior. 40 (5): 971–982. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9771-z. PMID 21667234. S2CID 12474225.  "Paper: Predictors Of Infidelity". 28 September 2014.  "The Secret Epidemic Facing Modern Couples". Psychology Today.  National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Justice, Committee on National Statistics, Panel to Review Risk and Prevalence of Elder Abuse and Neglect (2003). Elder Mistreatment: Abuse, Neglect, and Exploitation in an Aging America. National Academies Press. ISBN 9780309084345.  Emery RE, Laumann-Billings L (February 1998). "An overview of the nature, causes, and consequences of abusive family relationships. Toward differentiating maltreatment and violence". The American Psychologist. 53 (2): 121–35. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.53.2.121. PMID 9491743.  Cicchetti D (1989). Child Maltreatment: Theory and Research on the Causes and Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect. Cambridge University Press. p. 203. ISBN 9780521379694. Pianta, R. B., Egeland, B., & Erickson, M. F. (1989). The antecedents of maltreatment: Results of the Mother–Child Interaction Research Project. In D. Cicchetti & V. Carlson (Eds.), Child maltreatment: Theory and research on the causes and consequences o.  Emery RE (February 1989). "Family violence". The American Psychologist. 44 (2): 321–8. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.321. PMID 2653142.  Cowan G, Bommersbach M, Curtis SR (1995). "Codependency, Loss Of Self, And Power". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 19 (2): 221–236. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1995.tb00289.x. S2CID 146485470.  Mendenhall W (1989). "Co-dependency definitions and dynamics". Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 6: 3–17. doi:10.1300/J020V06N01_02.  Chmielewska M (2012). "Marital quality in the context of interpersonal dependency". Economics & Sociology. 5 (2): 58–74. doi:10.14254/2071-789X.2012/5-2/5.  Knudson TM, Terrell HK (2012). "Codependency, Perceived Interparental Conflict, and Substance Abuse in the Family of Origin". The American Journal of Family Therapy. 40 (3): 245–257. doi:10.1080/01926187.2011.610725. S2CID 145124356.  Campbell WK (December 1999). "Narcissism and romantic attraction". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 77 (6): 1254–1270. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1254. S2CID 16985473.  Rhodewalt F, Morf CC (March 1995). "Self and Interpersonal Correlates of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory: A Review and New Findings". Journal of Research in Personality. 29 (1): 1–23. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1995.1001.  Maj, Mario., Akiskal, Hagop S., Hagop S., Mezzich, Juan E., Wiley John & Sons. Personality Disorders. Medical March 11, 2015.  Andersen SM, Chen E (2002). "The relational self: an interpersonal social-cognitive theory". Psychological Review. 109 (4): 619–45. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.409.2705. doi:10.1037/0033-295x.109.4.619. PMID 12374322.  Hinkley K, Andersen SM (1996). "The working self-concept in transference: significant-other activation and self change". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 71 (6): 1279. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1279. PMID 8979392.  Miller R (2012). Attraction In Intimate Relationships (6th ed.). New York: Mc-Graw Hill. p. 71.  Stafford L, Reske J (1990). "Idealization and communication in long-distance premarital relationships". Family Relations. 39 (3): 274–279. doi:10.2307/584871. JSTOR 584871.  Stafford L (2005). Maintaining long-distance and cross residential relationships. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.  Holt P, Stone G (1988). "Needs, coping strategies, and coping outcomes associated with long-distance relationships". Journal of College Student Development. 29: 136–141.  Guldner GT, Swensen CH (1995). "Time spent together and relationship quality: Long distance relationships as a test case". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 12 (2): 313–320. doi:10.1177/0265407595122010. S2CID 145471401.  Richey, Jeff (2011). "Confucius". iep.utm.edu. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved August 11, 2011.  Harvey JH, Pauwels BG (2009). "Relationship Connection: A Redux on the Role of Minding and the Quality of Feeling Special". In Snyder CD, Lopez SJ (eds.). Enhancement of Closeness. Oxford Handbook of Positive Psychology (Second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 385–392.  Snyder CR, Lopez SJ (2007). Positive psychology: the scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. pp. 297–321.  Holmes B (October 2007). "In search of my "one and only"; Romance-related media and beliefs in romantic relationship destiny". Electronic Journal of Communication. 17 (3/4).  Fox J, Warber KM (January 2013). "Romantic relationship development in the age of Facebook: an exploratory study of emerging adults' perceptions, motives, and behaviors". Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. 16 (1): 3–7. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0288. PMID 23098273. S2CID 13703123.  Merkle ER, Richardson RA (2000). "Digital Dating and Virtual Relating: Conceptualizing Computer Mediated Romantic Relationships". Family Relations. 49 (2): 187–192. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3729.2000.00187.x.  Wilkerson KT (2017). "Social Networking Sites and Romantic Relationships: Effects on Development, Maintenance, and Dissolution of Relationships". Inquiries Journal. 9 (3).  Elphinston RA, Noller P (November 2011). "Time to face it! Facebook intrusion and the implications for romantic jealousy and relationship satisfaction". Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking. 14 (11): 631–5. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0318. PMID 21548798.     




user avatar   shuo-shu-44-10 网友的相关建议: 
      

He knows someone. 他认识人。这个比较通俗一点。一个加拿大白人竟然京腔京味地说出“关系”这两个字。他告诉我们(当时还是一帮学生),在加拿大,“关系”行不通,不合法就是不合法。他对中文“关系”的理解可谓精确。但电影里的 connection, contact, 翻译成“内线”比较好。


user avatar   goldentycoon 网友的相关建议: 
      

汉语里的“关系”就相当于英语里的connection。

用Guanxi纯粹是故弄玄虚,就像用Chinese Wushu来代替Chinese Martial Arts一样,指的不都是一回事么?

社会上的关系就叫Connections,形容一个人关系硬就叫well-connected。

没看过小说《教父》么?

里面说老教父有很多政界关系,不都是用的political connections么?




  

相关话题

  如何提高六级作文翻译分数? 
  英语口语怎么快速提高? 
  跑四万公里和背四万单词那个更容易实现? 
  有哪些原版英文书籍值得推荐? 
  知乎上有传闻说:资深英语翻译(十年工作经验)在中国一线城市的年薪能够达到二十万人民币以上,这是真的吗? 
  如何信达雅的翻译英语“We stand for wildlife,stand with us.”? 
  汉语、普通话、国语、华语、中文之间有什么区别和关系?对应的英语分别是什么? 
  如何阅读英文原版书? 
  一天背多少英语单词最有利于记忆? 
  “人菜瘾大”怎么翻译? 

前一个讨论
英语好的人是否有像汉语一样一目十行的阅读感 ?
下一个讨论
学 C++ 是种怎样的体验?





© 2024-11-22 - tinynew.org. All Rights Reserved.
© 2024-11-22 - tinynew.org. 保留所有权利